1. Warranty and Guarantee
   Warranty: Most car manufacturers offer a warranty on new vehicles, usually ranging from two to seven years, covering specific repairs and parts in cases of manufacturing defects or material issues.
   Guarantee: In many countries, a statutory guarantee is required, providing basic protection against hidden defects or faults that existed at the time of purchase.

2. Regular Maintenance and Inspections
   Inspection Intervals: Manufacturers set specific intervals for maintenance and inspections, often based on mileage or time since the last service. These services commonly include oil changes, filter replacements, brake checks, and other routine inspections.
   Maintenance Plans: Many service centers offer maintenance plans that bundle various inspections and maintenance tasks, often at a reduced price or with additional service package benefits.

3. Spare Parts and Repairs
   Original Parts and Accessories: To ensure the quality and safety of a vehicle, manufacturers provide original parts specifically designed and tested for each model.
   Repair Services: Authorized dealers and service centers offer specialized repairs, often using original parts and following manufacturer guidelines.

4. Software Updates and Recalls
   Software Updates: In modern vehicles, often equipped with complex computer systems and sensors, regular software updates may be necessary. These can be carried out at service centers or, in some cases, “over the air.”
   Recalls: If a safety-related issue is found in a vehicle, manufacturers initiate recalls to address the problem at no cost to the customer.

5. Customer Support and Mobility Guarantee
   Customer Support: Manufacturers and dealers often provide dedicated support hotlines where customers can receive help with issues or questions.
   Mobility Guarantee: Many manufacturers offer a mobility guarantee, ensuring that customers receive a replacement vehicle or free assistance (e.g., towing services) in the event of a breakdown or malfunction.

6. Accessories and Post-Purchase Customizations
   Accessories: Many customers choose to add features such as tow bars, roof racks, or custom interior options after purchase.
   Retrofits: Some vehicles can be upgraded with new features after purchase, such as additional driver assistance systems or infotainment software upgrades.

7. Extended Warranties and Service Contracts
   Extended Warranty: Many manufacturers and dealers offer the option to extend the warranty for an additional fee, providing coverage beyond the original warranty period.
   Service Contracts: Customers can enter into maintenance and repair contracts that cover specific services, securing fixed costs for maintenance over a specified period or mileage.

8. Customer Satisfaction Surveys and Feedback
   Customer Satisfaction Surveys: After purchase, many customers receive satisfaction surveys to assess service quality and identify improvement opportunities.
   Feedback Channels: Customers can also provide feedback directly through hotlines, apps, or online portals, which manufacturers use to enhance service quality.

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After-sales service is critical to customer satisfaction and helps build a long-term relationship between the customer and the manufacturer. Good after-sales service can extend the vehicle's lifespan, reduce operating costs, and improve the overall driving experience.